Why we use Django Manager?🤔

A Manager is the interface through which database query operations are provided to Django models. At least one Manager exists for every model in a Django application.objects is the default manager of every model that retrieves all objects in the database.

class Post(models.Model):
     title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
     content = models.TextField()     
     created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)     
     updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
     active = models.BooleanField(default=False)

def __str__(self):
         return self.title

As we know objects is the default model manager for every model, therefore Post.objects.all() will return all post objects.

What is the need to write Custom Model Manager?

• To add extra Manager methods.

• To modify the initial QuerySet the Manager returns.

Let’s create a model manager to retrieve all the published posts.

Using the objects manager published posts can be retrieved with the following query.

Input: Post.objects.filter(active=True)
Output: <QuerySet [<Post: My Post First Post>, <Post: Second post>]>

We will build a custom model manager called published to retrieve the published posts.

class PublishedManager(models.Manager):
     def active_post(self):
         return super(PublishedManager, self).get_queryset().filter(active=True)
class Post(models.Model):
    # Model managers 
    objects = models.Manager()  # The default manager.
    published = PublishedManager()  # Our custom manager.
    def __str__(self): 
        return self.title

Now we can retrieve posts with the custom model manager as follows.

Input : Post.published.active_post()   
Output: <QuerySet [<Post: My Post First Post>, <Post: Second post>]>  
Input : Post.objects.filter(active= True)      
Output: <QuerySet [<Post: My Post First Post>, <Post: Second post>]>

The custom model manager’s active_post() returns a QuerySet object, thus you can useall(), filter(), exclude() and all the other QuerySet methods on it.

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